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• Early in the 1260's the English Crown was weakened by the Long Barons' War and so Llywelyn, the leader of independent Wales, was grudgingly recognized by Henry III in 1297
• In 1272 Henry died and Llywelyn refused to give homage to Henry's successor, Edward I, as legal precedent had required
• In November 1276, Parliament declared that Llywelyn was "a rebel and disturber of peace"
• When Edward I took Anglesey in 1277, he cut off Llywelyn's food supply (as corn was a key crop in the area)
• Llywelyn agreed to peace terms at the Treaty of Aberconwy where he retained Snowdonia but rendered homage to Edward I at Westminster
• There was a second uprising five years after the Treaty by Llywelyn's brother, Dafydd, which ended in his capture in June 1283